Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust. It also
commemorates when the Soviet troops liberated the Nazi concentration and death camp Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland on January 27, 1945.
January 27 is a special day to remember World War II’s holocaust victims.
Background 
The Holocaust, or Shoah (Sho, Shoa), is the term used to describe the deliberate
murder and desecration of millions of people prior to and during World War II in
Germany and German occupied areas in Europe. Many of them were Jewish but the
Roma people, Soviet civilians and prisoners of war, ethnic Poles, people with disabilities, homosexuals and political and religious opponents were also killed. Many people died in concentration and death camps spread across Nazi-occupied Europe. One of the most notorious camps was Auschwitz-Birkenau, near Oświęcim, Poland. More than one million people died in Auschwitz-Birkenau before Soviet troops liberated it on January 27, 1945.
On January 24, 2005, the UN General Assembly commemorated the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps. Following this session, a UN resolution was drafted to designate January 27 as the International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust. The resolution called for education programs on the Holocaust to help prevent genocide. It also rejected denials that the Holocaust occurred. On November 1, 2005, the assembly adopted this resolution so the day could be observed each year. It was first observed on January 27, 2006.
Many Jewish groups, particularly in Israel, also observe Yom HaShoah , which is a day of mourning for Holocaust victims on 27th day of the Hebrew month of Nisan, which falls in April or May of the Gregorian calendar.

What Do People Do?
Holocaust survivors and various leaders make their voices heard on the International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust. Many of them speak
publicly about the Holocaust or their experiences around the event, its aftermath and why the world should never forget what happened in Europe in the 1930s and 1940s. Many statements emphasize the need for future generations to learn about and remember the Holocaust and for everyone to work towards preventing genocide.

The UN organizes and supports events such as: concerts by musicians who survived the Holocaust or are survivors’ descendants; art exhibitions influenced by the Holocaust;  presentations of special stamps; the introduction of special educational programs; and film screening and book signing focused on the Holocaust.
Israel and many countries in Europe and North America mark the International Day of
Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust. Many academics present
discussion papers or hold seminars or round table discussions on the Holocaust and its
legacy in the modern world. Schools or colleges may also have special lessons on the
Holocaust. The Holocaust and how people commemorate it receive special attention on
the Internet, television, radio, print media.

The United Nations (UN) International Migrants Day is annually held on December 18 to recognize the efforts, contributions, and rights of migrants worldwide.

On December 4, 2000, the UN General Assembly, taking into account the large and increasing number of migrants in the world, proclaimed December 18 as International Migrants. On that day, a decade earlier, the assembly adopted the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. Earlier celebrations of the day can be traced as far back as 1997 when some Asian migrant organizations marked December 18 as the day to recognize the rights, protection, and respect for migrants.

Background.
The International Day for the Abolition of Slavery, 2 December, marks the date of the adoption, by the General Assembly, of the United Nations Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others
( resolution 317(IV)  of 2 December 1949). The focus of this day is on eradicating contemporary forms of slavery, such as trafficking in persons, sexual exploitation, the worst forms of child labour, forced marriage, and the forced recruitment of children for use in armed conflict.
Main Forms of Modern Slavery.
Slavery has evolved and manifested itself in different ways throughout history. Today
some traditional forms of slavery still persist in their earlier forms, while others have
been transformed into new ones.
The UN human rights bodies have documented the persistence of old forms of slavery
that are embedded in traditional beliefs and customs. These forms of slavery are the result of long-standing discrimination against the most vulnerable groups in societies, such as those regarded as being of low caste, tribal minorities and indigenous peoples.
Forced labour.
Alongside traditional forms of forced labour, such as bonded labour and debt bondage
there now exist more contemporary forms of forced labour, such as migrant workers, who have been trafficked for economic exploitation of every kind in the world economy: work in domestic servitude, the construction industry, the food and garment industry, the
agricultural sector and in forced prostitution.
Child labour.
Globally, one in ten children works. The majority of the child labour that occurs today is
for economic exploitation. That goes against the Convention on the Rights of the Child ,
which recognizes “the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and
from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s
education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or
social development.”
Trafficking. 
According to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons
Especially Women and Children , trafficking in persons means the recruitment,
transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation includes
prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services,
slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. The consent of the person trafficked for exploitation is irrelevant and If the trafficked person is a child, it is a crime even without the use of force.

This day was created to encourage mindfulness and faith in human rights – in order to encourage equality and diversity across the world, the UN introduced The International Day for Tolerance in 1996. It followed the United Nations Year for Tolerance, which was 1995, in order to observe its teachings annually.

There’s no doubt that a world free of tolerance would not be a good place to be. It is the belief of those supporting this day that such a world should never exist – and that everyone has a right to their expression, religion, and their conscience without fear of bias or ridicule. In addition, it teaches that a persons racial or religious background is inconsequential to the potential for tolerance and friendship between them.

The UN defines tolerance as respect, appreciate and acceptance of the diversity of the world’s cultures and all the ways that we are human. It is a human right to receive, and should be expected to be practiced by not just individuals, but groups and states. Human rights is the core of this thought – as such, it supports the notion that humanity has the right to live in peace.

The International Day for Tolerance supports the notion that education is a key factor in preventing intolerance across the human race.  On this day, we are encouraged to educate and learn how to practice solidarity between ethnic, social and cultural groups.

The United Nations (UN) has declared October 31 World Cities Day. Its aim is to create awareness of the role of urbanization in global sustainable development and social inclusion.
The resolution was adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 27, 2013.

The Home of Humanity"Cities are increasingly the home of humanity. They are central to climate action, global prosperity, peace and human rights," stated Ban Ki-Moon, UN Secretary-General.

The resolution stresses the importance of cities and human settlements to be inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. However, this is not always the case and, according to the UN, inequalities in cities have grown since 1980. The largest cities are also where you often find the greatest differences between people.

Important Urbanization
Urbanization is defined as the gradual shift of population from rural to urban areas. The process forms cities making them larger as more people come to work and live centrally.

World Cities Day aims to highlight the role of urbanization to provide the potential for new forms of social inclusion. These include greater equality, access to services, and added diversity.

This way cities can be designed to create opportunities, enable connection and interaction, and facilitate sustainable use of shared resources.