Background.
The International Day for the Abolition of Slavery, 2 December, marks the date of the adoption, by the General Assembly, of the United Nations Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others
( resolution 317(IV)  of 2 December 1949). The focus of this day is on eradicating contemporary forms of slavery, such as trafficking in persons, sexual exploitation, the worst forms of child labour, forced marriage, and the forced recruitment of children for use in armed conflict.
Main Forms of Modern Slavery.
Slavery has evolved and manifested itself in different ways throughout history. Today
some traditional forms of slavery still persist in their earlier forms, while others have
been transformed into new ones.
The UN human rights bodies have documented the persistence of old forms of slavery
that are embedded in traditional beliefs and customs. These forms of slavery are the result of long-standing discrimination against the most vulnerable groups in societies, such as those regarded as being of low caste, tribal minorities and indigenous peoples.
Forced labour.
Alongside traditional forms of forced labour, such as bonded labour and debt bondage
there now exist more contemporary forms of forced labour, such as migrant workers, who have been trafficked for economic exploitation of every kind in the world economy: work in domestic servitude, the construction industry, the food and garment industry, the
agricultural sector and in forced prostitution.
Child labour.
Globally, one in ten children works. The majority of the child labour that occurs today is
for economic exploitation. That goes against the Convention on the Rights of the Child ,
which recognizes “the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and
from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s
education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or
social development.”
Trafficking. 
According to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons
Especially Women and Children , trafficking in persons means the recruitment,
transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation includes
prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services,
slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. The consent of the person trafficked for exploitation is irrelevant and If the trafficked person is a child, it is a crime even without the use of force.

This day was created to encourage mindfulness and faith in human rights – in order to encourage equality and diversity across the world, the UN introduced The International Day for Tolerance in 1996. It followed the United Nations Year for Tolerance, which was 1995, in order to observe its teachings annually.

There’s no doubt that a world free of tolerance would not be a good place to be. It is the belief of those supporting this day that such a world should never exist – and that everyone has a right to their expression, religion, and their conscience without fear of bias or ridicule. In addition, it teaches that a persons racial or religious background is inconsequential to the potential for tolerance and friendship between them.

The UN defines tolerance as respect, appreciate and acceptance of the diversity of the world’s cultures and all the ways that we are human. It is a human right to receive, and should be expected to be practiced by not just individuals, but groups and states. Human rights is the core of this thought – as such, it supports the notion that humanity has the right to live in peace.

The International Day for Tolerance supports the notion that education is a key factor in preventing intolerance across the human race.  On this day, we are encouraged to educate and learn how to practice solidarity between ethnic, social and cultural groups.

The United Nations (UN) has declared October 31 World Cities Day. Its aim is to create awareness of the role of urbanization in global sustainable development and social inclusion.
The resolution was adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 27, 2013.

The Home of Humanity"Cities are increasingly the home of humanity. They are central to climate action, global prosperity, peace and human rights," stated Ban Ki-Moon, UN Secretary-General.

The resolution stresses the importance of cities and human settlements to be inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. However, this is not always the case and, according to the UN, inequalities in cities have grown since 1980. The largest cities are also where you often find the greatest differences between people.

Important Urbanization
Urbanization is defined as the gradual shift of population from rural to urban areas. The process forms cities making them larger as more people come to work and live centrally.

World Cities Day aims to highlight the role of urbanization to provide the potential for new forms of social inclusion. These include greater equality, access to services, and added diversity.

This way cities can be designed to create opportunities, enable connection and interaction, and facilitate sustainable use of shared resources.

United Nations Day

United Nations Day highlights, celebrates and reflects on the work of the United Nations (UN) and its family of specialized agencies.

United Nations offices around the world join in to observe United Nations Day.©iStockphoto.com/Michael Palis

Background

The foundations for a “League of Nations” were laid in the Treaty of Versailles, which was one of the treaties to formally end World War I. The treaty was signed in Versailles, France, on June 28, 1919. The league aimed to encourage disarmament, prevent outbreaks of war, encourage negotiations and diplomatic measures to settle international disputes and to improve the quality of life around the world. However, the outbreak of World War II suggested that the League of Nations needed to take on a different form.

The ideas around the United Nations were developed in the last years of World War II, particularly during the UN Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, the United States, beginning on April 25, 1945. The UN was officially created when a UN charter was ratified on October 24 that year.

United Nations Day was first observed on October 24, 1948. The UN recommended that United Nations Day should be a public holiday in member states since 1971. There were also calls for United Nations Day to be an international public holiday to bring attention to the work, role and achievements of the UN and its family of specialized agencies. These have been spectacular, particularly in the fields of human rights, support in areas of famine, eradication of disease, promotion of health and settlement of refugees.

The UN does not work alone but together with many specialized agencies, including: the World Health Organization (WHO); the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF); International Labour Organization (ILO); United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); and United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC).

What Do People Do?

On and around October 24, many activities are organized by all parts of the UN, particularly in the main offices in New York, the Hague (Netherlands), Geneva (Switzerland), Vienna (Austria) and Nairobi (Kenya). These include: concerts; flying the UN flag on important buildings; debates on the relevance of the work of the UN in modern times; and proclamations by state heads and other leaders.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development promises to leave no one behind, and calls for eradicating poverty by 2030. For this, we need swift action by Governments to translate the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into effective policies that are supported with appropriate resources. The 2030 Agenda is ambitious — we need ambitious measures to take it forward.

The 2030 Agenda emphasizes the integration of the social, economic and environmental dimensions of poverty eradication, so we need integrated action across different policy spheres, making the most of capabilities and resources through targeted policies designed to accelerate progress across the board. This is the importance of UNESCO’s leadership in advancing cooperation through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information. Along with the Organisation’s Global Priorities, Gender Equality and Africa, these are areas with catalytic impact across the 2030 Agenda, acting as development multipliers for a wide range of goals and targets.

Capabilities must be combined with ownership. National plans to eradicate poverty will be stronger if they are inclusive, integrating the voices of all parts of society. Access to basic services is essential, as is the required knowledge capabilities — but eradicating poverty calls also for greater participation by all women and men, starting with young people, whose empowerment is key to success.

Eradicating poverty is a human rights imperative — it is also a development imperative and a peace imperative. This is why we need action now to translate promises into reality. This is UNESCO’s message on this International Day for the Eradication of Poverty.