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World Creativity and Innovation Day

This day is the day to celebrate your creativity and new ideas! It has been celebrated in over 46 countries since 2002. People in businesses, organizations, schools, and communities take part in this day to generate new ideas for a brighter future.

Marci Segal, a creativity specialist, came up with the idea for World Creativity and
Innovation Day. After reading a newspaper headline, “Canada in Creativity Crisis,” Segal decided to do something about it. With the help of her colleagues, she organized the first World Creativity Day to encourage people to use creativity to make the world a better place.

There are many ways to celebrate this day, so just use your imagination!

Exeter to repatriate Blackfoot regalia to Siksika Nation

By: Simon Stephens
Material will be cared for by Blackfoot Crossing Historical Park Exeter City Council has voted to return material held by its Royal Albert Memorial Museum (Ramm) to the Siksika Nation in Canada.
The regalia, which includes a buckskin shirt, pair of leggings, a knife with feather bundle, two beaded bags and a horsewhip, once belonged to Chief Crowfoot, a Blackfoot leader in the late 19th-century.
The Blackfoot Crossing Historical Park (BCHP) made a formal request for Ramm to
repatriate the Crowfoot regalia in 2015. The BCHP visitor centre focuses on Siksika
cultural heritage and the preservation of their way of life. The area is of great spiritual
significance to the Siksika Nation and BCHP is built on the site of the signing of an
important treaty in 1877. It is also the place where Crowfoot died.
After initial dialogue with BCHP, Ramm approached Chief Ouray Crowfoot in January
2020. Chief Crowfoot, a Siksika Nation chief, confirmed that the Siksika Tribal Council,
as the elected representatives of the community, would be prepared to take ownership of the regalia.
The Siksika Nation will lend the regalia to the BCHP, which will care for the regalia.
Chief Crowfoot will visit Exeter for an official ceremony to hand over the regalia once
Covid-19 restrictions have lifted. Chief Crowfoot said: “As a direct descendant of the Great Chief Crowfoot, I am pleased that the regalia will be returned to its rightful home, the Siksika Nation. The returning of this regalia will contribute to healing and reconciliation and the Great Chief’s spirit can rest easy once all his belongings are gathered from the four corners of Mother Earth and returned back to his home.”
Councillor Rachel Sutton, Exeter City Council’s portfolio holder for climate and culture,
said: “When considering the claim for repatriation, the council recognised that the
original injustices still reverberate today with First Nation Canadians. Giving back
Crowfoot’s regalia returns control to the Siksika Nation over their cultural identity,
dignity and authority and is the right thing to do.”
The Crowfoot regalia are thought to have been acquired from Chief Crowfoot by Cecil
Denny, a British-born policeman and one of the signatories of the 1877 treaty. Crowfoot
played a key role in the treaty signing, which he believed would help protect Blackfoot
lands and traditional ways of life, but the terms of the treaty were broken by the Canadian administration. The regalia were loaned to Ramm by Denny’s sister in 1878 and the museum bought the items in 1904.

Archaeologists Solve Mystery of Prehistoric Stone Balls

Stone artifacts painstakingly shaped into spheres were part of the daily lives of early humans for more than two million years. They have been unearthed by archaeologists in East Africa, humanity’s ancestral home, and they litter prehistoric sites across Eurasia from the Middle East to China and India. Yet experts have been puzzled by their function since the early days of research into our evolutionary history.

Now, an international team of archaeologists led by Tel Aviv University archaeologist researcher Ella Assaf, has produced evidence that these enigmatic artifacts were used for a very specific purpose: breaking the bones of large animals to extract the nutritious marrow inside.

The study, published last week in the journal PLOS ONE, highlights how an elegant technological solution that allowed hominins to increase their calorie intake endured for hundreds of thousands of years and continued to be used even as our ancestors developed new techniques and created more complex societies.

The researchers analyzed shaped stone balls, also called spheroids, found in Qesem Cave, a prehistoric site just east of the modern city of Tel Aviv that was inhabited from 400,000 to 200,000 years ago. The discovery of around 30 of these artifacts in this particular cave was a puzzle wrapped in an enigma for archaeologists. Not only did the function of the spheres remain obscure, but their presence there was considered anachronistic, because these artifacts are usually found at much older sites.

Mastery of fire

Qesem Cave was uncovered during road works in the year 2000. Since then, excavations led by Tel Aviv University archaeologists Avi Gopher and Ran Barkai has uncovered a treasure trove of hundreds of thousands of flint tools and animal bones as well as 13 hominin teeth, belonging to the as-yet-unidentified group that lived at the site. 

Whoever they were, these distant ancestors of ours were relatively ahead of their time in much of the behavior they displayed, experts say. The people of Qesem Cave (whose modern name somewhat appropriately means “magic” in Hebrew) were among the first hominins to master controlled fire to cook meat, and they learned how to preserve food for a rainy day. 

UNESCO: The Parthian Fortresses of Nysa

UNESCO: The Parthian Fortresses of Nysa 

by Kaveh Farrokh

http://kavehfarrokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/1-Section-of-Nysa-architecture.jpg

April 4, 2020/in Archaeology, Architecture, Heritage, Military History 1900-Present, Parthian Military History, Parthians, UNESCO /by Kaveh Farrokh

The article Parthian Fortresses of Nysa” was originally posted by UNESCO. The photographs inserted below are from the Meros.org venue, with the descriptive captions and map of the Parthian Empire provided by Kavehfarrokh.com. The version printed below has also been slightly edited.

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Nisa was the capital of the Parthian Empire, which dominated this region of central Asia from the mid 3rd century BCE to the early 3rd century CE. As such it formed a barrier to Roman expansion, whilst at the same time serving as an important communications and trading centre, at the crossroads of north-south and east-west routes. Its political and economic power is well illustrated by the surviving remains, which underline the interaction between central Asian and Mediterranean cultures.

http://kavehfarrokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/1-Section-of-Nysa-architecture.jpgMap of the Parthian Empire in 44 BCE to 138 CE (Picture source: Farrokh, page 155, Shadows in the Desert: Ancient Persia at War-Персы: Армия великих царей-سایه‌های صحرا). See also Military History and Armies of the Parthians

The Parthian Fortresses of Nisa consist of two tells of Old and New Nisa, indicating the site of one of the earliest and most important cities of the Parthian Empire, a major power from the mid 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD. They conserve the unexcavated remains of an ancient civilization which skillfully combined its own traditional cultural elements with those of the Hellenistic and Roman west. Archaeological excavations in two parts of the site have revealed richly decorated architecture, illustrative of domestic, state and religious functions. Situated at the crossroads of important commercial and strategic axes, this powerful empire formed a barrier to Roman expansion while serving as an important communication and trading centre between east and west, north and south.

http://kavehfarrokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/1-Section-of-Nysa-architecture.jpgA close-up of one of the sections of Nysa’s enduring Parthian system of architecture (Meros.org).

UNESCO Criteria

Criterion (ii): Nisa is situated at the crossroads of important commercial and strategic axes. The archaeological remains vividly illustrate the significant interaction of cultural influences from central Asia and from the Mediterranean world.

Criterion (iii): The Parthian Empire was one of the most powerful and influential civilizations of the ancient world, and a brilliant rival of Rome which prevented the expansion of the Roman Empire to the east. Nisa, the capital of the Parthian Empire, is the outstanding symbol of the significance of this imperial power.

http://kavehfarrokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/1-Section-of-Nysa-architecture.jpgA walled structure of one the chambers at Nysa(Meros.org). Later Sassanian architecture would also display especially thick walls and depending on the region, either bricks or stones could be used in their construction. For more on Parthian and Sassanian military architecture, consult Chapter 13 “Military Architecture”  in Armies of Ancient Persia: The Sassanians (2017).

The integrity and authenticity of the property, and also of the surrounding landscape, in terms of the size of the two tells and the siting of the capital at the foot of the Kopet-Dag mountains, are unquestionable. The two tells do not in any sense represent the original appearance of the Parthian capital, but their present appearance is due solely to natural erosion.

http://kavehfarrokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/1-Section-of-Nysa-architecture.jpgA meandering pathway towards a Nysa structure(Meros.org).

The site is gazetted as one of the 1,300 historical and cultural monuments of Turkmenistan. Nisa is also one of the eight State Historical and Cultural Parks (SHCP) that have been created to protect the most significant sites in Turkmenistan. A buffer zone has been established. The property comes within the provisions of the Bagyr town development plan. Serious efforts are still needed to set up an efficient preventive maintenance scheme that will ensure the survival of recently excavated parts of the site. A five-year plan has been formulated for 2006-2010, in order to ensure a better balance between the different activities (e.g. archaeology vis-à-vis conservation) and to combine and harmonize all the existing documents and strategies relating to the site.

Related posts:

  1. UNESCO: Sassanian Archaeological Landscape of the Fars Region 
  2. UNESCO: Takht-e Soleiman 
  3. Journal Article: A Unique Parthian Sword 
  4. Presentation on Parthian-era Warrior Women in Eleventh Annual ASMEA Conference Nov 1-3, 2018 
  5. Parthian horses and Parthian Horse Archers 
  6. Professor Shapour Shahbazi: The Parthian Army 
  7. Parthian site in Andika, Khuzestan discovered by Karamian Archaeological Team 
  8. Structure of the Parthian Army (2016) – (۱۳۹۵) ساختار ارتش اشکانیان 
  9. Preserving the Buddhist Stupa Structure in Topdara, Afghanistan 
  10. Documentary Film Production: the UNESCO Sassanian Fortress in Darband 

 

http://kavehfarrokh.com/military-history-1900-present/unesco-the-parthian-fortresses-of-nysa/

 

2 Charged with painting near ancient rock art in Nevada

By: MICHELLE L. PRICE
According Associated Press Two Nevada men have been indicted on charges of vandalizing an archaeological site after U.S. prosecutors say the pair spray-painted rock formations in a national monument that features petroglyphs — and were caught soon after while still covered in blue paint.
Daniel Plata and Jonathan Pavon, both 25 and from Elko, are charged with conspiracy,
destruction of government property and unauthorized damage or alteration or defacement of archaeological resources, U.S. Attorney Nicholas Trutanich’s office said Monday.
Prosecutors say the men “went on a vandalism spree” while on their way to a wedding in September 2019, where they stopped at three different locations on a remote Nevada road and filmed themselves using spray paint to vandalize buildings with their nicknames “Velor” and “Cluer.”
The men then drove into the White River Narrows Archaeological District within Basin
and Range National Monument, where Pavon acted as a lookout as Plata spray-painted
two large pieces of graffiti, including one near a petroglyph, according to a court documents.
A witness reported the spray painting. When state troopers stopped Plata and Pavon soon after, the men were covered in blue paint and had over 100 cans of spray paint and painting equipment in their car, according to court documents.
The White River Narrows is a winding canyon that is home to one of the largest
concentrations of prehistoric rock art in eastern Nevada, according to the U.S. Bureau of Land Management.
The agency deferred questions about damage from the graffiti to the U.S. Justice
Department. Department spokeswoman Trisha Young says the spray paint was removed.
Plata and Pavon made initial court appearances on March 6, prosecutors said.
The men do not yet have listed attorneys to comment on their behalf or publicly listed
phone numbers where they could be reached for comment.

International Day for the Right to the Truth Concerning Gross Human Rights Violations and for the Dignity of Victims

As we recognize the courage of human rights defenders everywhere, let us commit to protect those who seek truth and justice, and provide victims with effective remedies and restore their dignity.
UN Secretary-General António Guterres

The Right to the Truth
The right to the truth is often invoked in the context of gross violations of human rights
and grave breaches of humanitarian law. The relatives of victims of summary executions, enforced disappearance, missing persons, abducted children, torture, require to know what happened to them. The right to the truth implies knowing the full and complete truth as to the events that transpired, their specific circumstances, and who participated in them, including knowing the circumstances in which the violations took place, as well as the reasons for them.

Background
On 21 December 2010, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 24 March as
the International Day for the Right to the Truth concerning Gross Human Rights
Violations and for the Dignity of Victims.

The date was chosen because on 24 March 1980, Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero of
El Salvador was assassinated, after denouncing violations of human rights.

In a study conducted in 2006 the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
concluded that the right to the truth about gross human rights violations and serious
violations of human rights law is an inalienable and autonomous right, linked to the duty
and obligation of the State to protect and guarantee human rights, to conduct effective
investigations and to guarantee effective remedy and reparations.

The study affirms that the right to the truth implies knowing the full and complete truth as to the events that transpired, their specific circumstances, and who participated in them, including knowing the circumstances in which the violations took place, as well as the reasons for them.

In a 2009 report on the Right to the Truth , the Office of the UN High Commissioner for
Human Rights identified best practices for the effective implementation of this right, in
particular practices relating to archives and records concerning gross violations of human rights, and programmes on the protection of witnesses and other persons involved in trials connected with such violations.

The Commission on the Truth for El Salvador was established in accordance with the
Mexico Agreements of 27 April 1991 to investigate serious acts of violence that had
occurred since 1980 and whose impact on society was deemed to require an urgent public knowledge of the truth. In its report of 15 March 1993 , the Commission documented the facts of the assassination of Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero by pro-government forces, the so-called “death squads”. He was shot dead by an assassin as he celebrated mass on 24 March 1980.

A LETTER FROM F. SCOTT FITZGERALD, QUARANTINED IN 1920 IN THE SOUTH OF FRANCE DURING THE SPANISH INFLUENZA OUTBREAK.

Dearest Rosemary,
It was a limpid dreary day, hung as in a basket from a single dull star. I thank you for your letter. Outside, I perceive what may be a collection of fallen leaves tussling against a trash can. It rings like jazz to my ears. The streets are that empty. It seems as though the bulk of the city has retreated to their quarters, rightfully so. At this time, it seems very poignant to avoid all public spaces. Even the bars, as I told Hemingway, but to that he punched me in the stomach, to which I asked if he had washed his hands. He hadn’t. He is much the denier, that one. Why, he considers the virus to be just influenza. I’m curious of his sources.

The officials have alerted us to ensure we have a month’s worth of necessities. Zelda and I have stocked up on red wine, whiskey, rum, vermouth, absinthe, white wine, sherry, gin, and lord, if we need it, brandy. Please pray for us.

You should see the square, oh, it is terrible. I weep for the damned eventualities this
future brings. The long afternoons rolling forward slowly on the ever-slick bottomless
highball. Z. says it’s no excuse to drink, but I just can’t seem to steady my hand.

In the distance, from my brooding perch, the shoreline is cloaked in a dull haze where I
can discern an unremitting penance that has been heading this way for a long, long while. And yet, amongst the cracked cloudline of an evening’s cast, I focus on a single strain of light, calling me forth to believe in a better tomorrow.

Faithfully yours,
F Scott Fitzgerald

Year 1399: The Year of National Solidarity for the Rescue of Iran and Iranians

Each year, the Pasargad Heritage Foundation proposes a name for the coming Persian New Year, on the eve of Iran’s most significant holiday and national celebration. This choice has so far been in the context of the preservation of Iran’s historical and cultural heritage.
The goal of the Pasargad Heritage Foundation is to name the year to remind people of the unique values of Iran’s exquisite culture of wisdom and affection and to pay attention to the destructive, discriminatory, and anti-cultural practices that have been endangering our cultural and natural heritage for the last 41 years.
As everyone is aware, this year is critical in that not only our cultural, historical, and natural heritage are severely threatened, but also our venerable land and all its natural resources are greatly endangered.
Poverty, disease, and natural and man-made disasters, alongside all types of governmental violence, killing, and intentional neglect, put both the lives and livelihood of our people on the brink of disaster and our land on the edge of natural catastrophe.
Iran has been plagued by years of neglect and destruction. Is it possible to even find a
government in our times, even in the most dictatorial countries, a government so ignorant, thoughtless, and uncaring of its own people as we see with the Islamic government in Iran?
Now, when Iran and Iranians need expert, efficient, humanitarian, and kind Iranians to take control of our land, the ruling Islamic Republic of Iran is only ready to step up and crush and endanger lives of these Iranians.
In our view of the current situation, Iranians need national solidarity, the kind that has aided and solidified the future and prospects of the colonized or war-torn countries of the last two centuries after challenging times.
It is now necessary for the people of Iran to strive to help one another to overthrow this cruel, anti-freedom government, in the hopes that these invisible chains will be broken so as to bring light from the current darkness.
In honor of Nowruz, Pasargad Heritage Foundation, which symbolizes the belief in humanity, nature, and the preservation of the physical and psychological values of human life, designates the year 1399 as the “Year of National Solidarity for the Rescue of Iran and Iranians.” This is with the hope that the beautiful humanitarian and patriotic attitudes that have saved Iran and Iranians from destruction many times in history will flourish again and that the Iranian people will survive and triumph amid this critical crisis.
Wishing you a Happy New Year, and looking forward to a prosperous Iran, with happy and healthy people and a vibrant and beautiful atmosphere of freedom.

With kindness,
Shokooh Mirzadegi

Responsible for the executive affairs of the Pasargad Heritage Foundation
March 14, 2020

Happy Nowruz March 21, 2020

Nowruz is first day of Spring and the beginning of the Iranian year . Nowruz is celebrated on the day of the vernal equinox , on 20th March or the previous / following day depending on where it is celebrated. Nowruz is celebrated and observed by Iranian people as well as several other countries across Asia including Afghanistan, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Tajikistan and many more. The new year starts at the moment the Sun crosses the celestial equator and equalizes night and day or exactly when the Earth has completed one cycle around the Sun.
The celebration has its roots in Ancient Iran. Due to its antiquity, there exist various
foundation myths for Nowruz in Iranian mythology. The Shahnameh dates Nowruz as
far back to the reign of Jamshid, who in Zoroastrian texts saved mankind from a killer
winter that was destined to kill every living creature. In the Shahnameh and Iranian
mythology, Jamshid is credited with the foundation of Nowruz. In the Shahnama,
Jamshid constructed a throne studded with gems. He had demons raise him above the
earth into the heavens; there he sat on his throne like the sun shining in the sky. The
world’s creatures gathered in wonder about him and scattered jewels around him, and
called this day the New Day or Now-Ruz. This was the first day of the month of
Farvardin (the first month of the Persian calendar). On Nowruz, families gather together
to observe the rituals and celebrate the beginning of the new year.
In addition, it is believed that originally the celebration was the holiest Zoroastrian
festival, and Nowruz is believed to have been invented by Zoroaster himself, although
there is no clear date of origin. Since the Achaemenid era, the official year has begun
with the New Day when the Sun leaves the zodiac of Pisces and enters the zodiacal sign of Aries, signifying the Spring Equinox.
International Nowruz Day was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly, in
its resolution A/RES/64/253 of 2010, at the initiative of several countries that share this
holiday (Afghanistan, Albania, Azerbaijan, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey and Turkmenistan.